2017 年 1 月 9 日，微信推出了小程序。它既不是传统 App，也不是网页，而是一种“隐形服务”：用户无需下载安装，就能完成各种任务。

小程序的理念很简单：降低使用门槛，让服务触手可及；快速完成任务，而不是让用户长时间停留。

通过二维码、分享、公众号跳转和社交链路，小程序把服务入口从手机桌面迁移到微信内部，形成了完整的流量闭环。

微信小程序的成功，让人开始思考：轻应用究竟能否成为移动互联网的新标准？安卓曾试过，但结果并不理想。

安卓快应用：理念先进，却受制于商业逻辑

2018 年，安卓厂商组成“硬核联盟”，推出了“快应用”，目标是：无需下载安装的轻应用、系统级加速、统一标准、一次开发，多处运行。然而，快应用最终没能形成大规模生态，其核心问题在于商业模式不支持。

CPD 不成立：下载都没有，钱哪来？安卓渠道长期依赖 CPD（Cost Per Download，按下载付费）。通俗点说：你在应用商城下载一个 App，手机厂商可能会收到 2 块钱——这 2 块钱是 App 主付给渠道的费用。

快应用本身无需下载安装，也就是说，没有“下载量”，CPD 模式彻底失效。厂商拿不到钱，自然没有动力去推广和集中入口。

CPT 难落地：曝光再多也没用。安卓厂商还可以靠 CPT（Cost Per Time，按展示或时间付费）赚钱。通俗理解就是：你打开应用商城，首页第一个推荐的 App 特别显眼，每天有成千上万用户看到。广告主想让自己的 App 排在这个位置，就按“每天多少钱”付费给厂商，不管用户有没有下载，平台就能赚钱。

而快应用的情况是：

快应用是厂商统一标准，App 开发者无法获得更多用户数据，限制了他们的商业化能力。由于看不到用户行为，开发者不会愿意花钱去买 CPT（按展示/时间付费的广告位置）。正因如此，厂商也就没有动力去集中入口或推广快应用。

标准不统一：维护成本高。各厂商接口和审核机制不同，开发者无法真正做到“一次开发、处处运行”，维护成本高。

所以，理念再先进，商业模式和生态设计的问题，让快应用难以走出小范围试水。

苹果小程序：避开快应用的坑？

2025 年 11 月，苹果推出 Mini Apps Partner Program：允许在主 App 内嵌小程序、使用苹果支付体系、用户付费抽成统一降至 15%.

乍一看，这和快应用很像——轻量、无需下载、内嵌生态。

为什么苹果要开放小程序？苹果长期依赖 App Store 作为唯一分发渠道，并通过 IAP（应用内支付）获得主要收入。但随着用户对侧载（Side-loading）的呼声增加，尤其在欧盟 DMA 等监管压力下，苹果不得不面对：

如果允许侧载，用户可能绕开 App Store 直接下载第三方 App，从而直接交易绕开 IAP，苹果收入受损。开放小程序后，即便 App 来自其他应用分发渠道，轻应用依然基于苹果生态运行，并通过苹果支付体系完成交易。

换句话说，苹果开放小程序既是对侧载压力的妥协，也是通过IAP 收入闭环 + 抽成调节维持商业利益。

苹果小程序 vs 快应用的差异

1. 收入核心是 IAP。苹果的轻应用收入不依赖下载，也不靠广告，而是通过统一支付体系（IAP）获得稳定收益。即便用户不下载安装 App，苹果仍能从交易中赚钱，这是安卓快应用无法做到的。

2. 统一入口 + 统一接口。苹果控制 iOS 生态，轻应用可以在主 App 内嵌，流量集中，开发者开发和维护成本可控。

总结来看：快应用失败是商业模式不支持；苹果小程序成功的前提是 IAP 支撑 + 统一入口 + 合理抽成 + 应对侧载压力。

轻应用时代的思考

小程序告诉我们一个简单的道理：用户不想为了一个服务下载一个 App，他们只想快、准、好用。微信用闭环流量和支付证明了这个模式行得通。

而苹果小程序则给出了另一条思路：即便 App 来自侧载或者其他渠道，苹果也能把轻应用牢牢留在自家的生态里，用 IAP 收入稳住钱包，同时通过降低抽成、统一接口，把开发者、用户和商业利益都拢在一起。

但是：如果大家都用快应用了，不下载 App，是不是也用不到那么大的内存了，是不是也能省下从 256G 升 512G 省下的那 1000 块了？

2019 年，美国商务部将华为及其 68 家子公司列入「实体清单」，要求这些公司必须获得批准才能购买美国技术。

2020 年，这项限制进一步升级，涵盖了任何使用美国技术设计或生产的产品。同一年，中兴通讯因出口管制被罚款 8.92 亿美元并与美商务部达成和解。

今天（2025 年 1月 19 日），美国的抖音TikTok 因受到禁令影响，宣布停止服务。

这一系列动作让人不禁联想到美国的「长臂管辖」。

长臂管辖原本是用来解决美国各州之间法律纠纷的一种机制，意思是某个州可以根据特定联系，对其他州的主体行使管辖权，哪怕该主体在所在洲没有违法。

然而，这一概念逐渐被扩展到国际领域，导致美国的法律和政策对全球的影响力逐步增加。比如，阿尔斯通事件就充分展示了这一点。

阿尔斯通，曾是全球能源行业巨头，2013 年因一位高管在美国被逮捕，这一事件成为后来公司陷入困境的导火索，最终被美国通用电气收购。

与华为的 5G 技术和阿尔斯通的能源产业不同，TikTok 的技术核心在于其算法和内容分发模式，这使得它在文化传播和全球化竞争中占据了独特的位置。

从阿尔斯通到中兴、华为，再到 TikTok，技术与商业的竞争早已不再局限于传统产业，它已逐步渗透到数字经济、平台经济等新兴领域。

与阿尔斯通不同，TikTok 选择拒绝出售，并最终于今天宣布关停。

在全球化竞争日益激烈的背景下，美国并非首次利用「长臂管辖」通过收购或罚款改变市场格局。

如果想了解更多此类案例，推荐阅读中信出版社于 2019 年出版的《美国陷阱》一书，书中详细介绍了法国阿尔斯通如何在「长臂管辖」的压力下被收购的全过程。

According to public reports in China, the unemployment rate among youth aged 16 to 24 reached 21.3% in June 2023, increased from 17.6% in 2022. It is without doubt to say that this year has been the worst in the past ten years . However ,it may turn out to be the best year in next decade. We’d better prepare ourselves for a potential economic recession in the future.

Here are some ways I have been exploring , which may inspire ideas for what you can do:

1. Enhance domain knowledge within your current industry:
   As we know , economies go through cycles of ups and downs. It is a good opportunity to consider our long-term goals carefully . For instance , my ideal job is working for an international company that offers a good work-life balance as I get older. After searching the job requirements in the market, I noticed that business analysis is one of the most popular positions in various industries, including my current one.That is why I am planning to prepare for a Master’s program. I am hoping that I can get an offer in two years in the field of business analysis.
2. Reduce your costs as much as you can:
   The more savings we have , the more confident we feel in facing a potential economic recession. I am not asking you to downgrade your consumption; I am simply suggesting that you would be better off considering your expenses carefully. I have managed to reduce my daily costs by 30% with the same quality of life as before. Here are some ways I have been saving money:
   • Making a cup of coffee and bringing it to my office in a Thermos every workday.
   • Taking public transport instead of a taxi.
   • Having a homemade dinner at least twice on workdays.
   • Purchasing promotional bread for breakfast after 9 PM.
   • Avoiding unnecessary clothing purchases.
3. Pay more attention to your mental health:
   Your well-being is the key to unlocking a brighter future, especially your mental health. Many of us were not taught how to deal with negative emotions; we usually overlook our depression in daily life .It is utterly important to unwind when we are overwhelmed. There are serval ways to relieve our pressures:
   • Talking with your close friends. You may find that many of us are facing the same problems, you are not alone.
   • Engaging in regular workouts, such as running , cycling and other physical activities, can contribute to better sleep and higher energy levels.
   • Practicing vent writing with no intention of sending it to anyone. It gives us a safe space for self expression.
     

苹果的「被遗落通知」 真的太频繁了，只要离开其他苹果设备一定距离，我的 iPhone / Apple Watch 就一定会收到系统级通知。

一度想关了提醒一了百了，却又担心哪天后悔莫及。

看到 Why Apple Keeps Nagging About Items You ‘Left Behind’ 这一文章时，两眼放光。

原来，「被遗落通知」可以设定「白名单区域」，而且默认包含通讯录里的家庭住址和公司地址。

然而，我并不是通讯录的重度用户，搬家后也没更新住址，导致近几个月只要出门就收到 MacBook 和 iPad 被遗落的通知。

或是被抬起 Apple Watch 时亮屏、看向 iPhone 时电话铃声变小等功能迷惑，一度认为苹果的新功能理应都有本地化机器学习，让小白可以无脑用。

比如连续几个月在同一个物理地址位置过夜，这个位置还有台同一 Apple ID 的 Apple TV ，我原以为苹果会提醒我「你需要把这个位置加入白名单吗？」，结果却只有每次出门的「被遗落通知」 。

如有相似困扰的朋友，可以参照如下设置「白名单区域」，当设备在该区域时，将不再收到「被遗落通知」 ：

打开「查找」App > 底部「设备」菜单栏 > 随便点击一个设备 > 下滑到「通知」并点击「遗落时通知」 > 点击新位置 > 选择仅对当前设备还是全部设备。

According to Statista, in 2022, over a quarter of the total online shopping’s gross merchandise value in China came from live video streaming platform. This is a significant increase from 2019 when the share was 8.9%.

The entrance of live-steaming usually mimics a button that we can get an extra discount by hitting. We can find it quite easily when we are browsing product details. It seems that we can purchase the same product at a lower price from the host. However, is it genuine ?

The name Li JiaQi is often associated with discussions about live-streaming e-commerce in China. Recently, there is a rumour about him which may change the game of live-streaming e-commerce. It started from a social media post of a Purchasing Manager from one of the largest e-commerce platforms, JD.com

It shows that JD has received a lawyer’s letter from a brand named Hauswirt. Hauswirt accused JD of not following the agreement and lowering the price without its’ permission. As a result, Hauswirt in breach of a contractfrom another channel that they have an lowest-price agreement with . And the post also shows the channel is the live-streaming room of LJQ. It just so happens that the first letter of Li JiaQi is LJQ.

It definitely is a price-fixing, if the rumour is true. As we know, one of the advantages of e-commerce is reducing overheads and offering lower prices. However, in live-streaming shopping , companies have to pay an extra commission to the host. The more famous the hosts become , the more commission they get. As a result , the costs may raise the price, and ‘the lower price agreement’ makes other retailers sell the product at the same price.

As I was saying , the prices from a live-streaming room may not be the most competitive. I suggest you checking the price on different e-commerce platforms to ensure you can get the best deal. It won’t take much time.

There is no doubt that the internet makes our life more and more convenient, we have learned how to use smart devices. The internet definitely is one of the most significant breakthroughs in human history. We are the beneficiaries of a small cyber-cable. It powers us to surf the net by smart devices, no holds barred.

The benefits lead us to overlook the downsides, most of us have not been told or taught how to sit with the downsides.

Here some negatives you should be aware of:

1. The apps we use are not free
   Let us dish about all the apps we use , we would find most apps are free. The fact behind the scense you may not know, you are trading privacy for convenience, we use our personal data as the currency to pay the bill. You may not be aware that Whatsapp,Facebook and Instagram belong to one big company named Meta. Meta could track all the data you generate. Thereby , Meta could package all your data as a product for advertising agencies.
   
2. we only can see what we like
   A few years ago , Tweet’s information flow was organised by the time of creation, with the latest Tweets at the top of the screen. Nowadays , there is a feature called “For you”, that uses AI recommendation instead of the time-ordered information.
   
   The companies behind free apps know our age, education and interpersonal relationships,etc. Now, it goes further, they control the context we can see. Cumulative influence of AI recommendation is we can only see what we like. This is the real logic that allowed Cambridge Analytica to influence the election through Facebook.
   
3. The information is probably fake
   The information or news was generated by professional journalists who followed regulation to censor themselves. We can trust the information or news like we trust a doctor in a hospital from the limited channels, like newspaper, television or radio. Nowadays, everyone can post anything they like on internet without self-censorship ( they do not have the duty to do so) .
   
   People tend to believe the news which has received numerous responses, this situation is called conformity. It leads to a situation where the higher volume of responses of an article or news , the more people tend to trust it , eventhough it is fake.
   

As I was mentioning, the companies behind free apps track our personal data, and customize the fake information by AI recommendation to influence the way we think of the world. That is why I agree with The internet is centralization. I strongly recommend practicing critical reading when surfing the net, including what you read at this moment.

对大年初一的印象还停留在 10 岁光景，依稀记得一些习俗。现今三十又几，已多年不曾有「年初一该有的味」。2022 年独自在深圳过年，凭借稀疏记忆，试图找回「走失多年」的年初一。

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2022 年 1 月 31 日（除夕夜）

将窗台的衣服收进屋，丢完垃圾后回来冲凉，在沙发上开着春晚当背景音。

打小受奶奶告诫，洗澡和倒垃圾会将财气洗掉或倒掉，所以一直保持着从 0 点开始便不洗澡、倒垃圾。

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2022 年 2 月 1 日（年初一）8 :00 am

洗漱的间隙，有个疑问萦绕在心头，为什么不能洗澡却可以洗脸刷牙，难道财气只存在身上而不在脸上和嘴里？记得，年初一会早早起床，饭罢并在口袋里装满零食，叫上前日约好的玩伴一早出发，沿着镇上走上一圈又一圈。虽然除夕收的压岁钱大部分都被「保管」，但年初一依旧是全年最富裕的日子。不过这一天不能花一分钱。

奶奶说，接下来的 365 天都会和年初一一样，这一天早起、不劳作、出门游玩且不花钱代表接下来的每一天都可以「不花钱地清闲」。

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2 月 1 日 12:00 am

将昨晚的山药排骨汤放进电饭煲热一热，权当午饭应付。

我爸说，除夕夜除了有鱼还要留一些到初一，寓意「年年有余」。上一辈小时候，能顿顿米饭已是「奢望」，所以在春节「只吃菜不吃米饭」成了期盼，期望来年就算不吃米饭也能顿顿饱饭。然而，在我们这不缺食物的一代，却无法深刻了解这种「期盼」背后的辛酸。

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2 月 1 日 14:00 pm

小时候，总会在「日记本」上写好新年愿望，清单越列越长，却从未实现过。今年索性实际点，立一下大概率能不打脸的 Flag：年阅读量超过 50 本。寄望于「日日如初一」，翻开年前未读罢的书。

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2 月 2 日 18:00 pm

受新一轮疫情影响，社区通知全民核酸。在排队核酸时，第一次这样强烈地感觉到疫情对现实生活的「扭曲力」。

想起深圳卫卫健委公众号下的留言：

看到队伍尽头受冷风吹的医护人员以及「新年好！」真的有些许扛不牢，真心希望疫情早日结束，不用再在他乡寻「乡味」。

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2 月 2 日 23:30 pm

泡一壶茶，放着音乐，等今日的 24 点，等待卸下「束缚」后的洗澡自由和倒垃圾自由。​